Pile-Stiffness Factor K
The pile-stiffness factor is defined as:
where: | Ep | - | elastic modulus of pile material [MPa] |
Es | - | average value of secant modulus of soil along the pile shaft [MPa] | |
Ra | - | ratio of an area of pile section to the area bounded by pile outer-circumference [-] |
where: | A1 | - | average area of cross-section of a pile [m2] |
A2 | - | area of pile shaft [m2] |
(for stiff piles Ra= 1)